Virginia 2026 Regular Session

Old Enough to Serve Your Country. Too Young to Buy a Handgun.

Virginia’s General Assembly just passed SB643 — making it a criminal offense for legal adults aged 18–20 to purchase a handgun or “assault firearm.” The Governor has days left to sign it into law.

SB643 HB1525 § 18.2-308.2:6 Class 1 Misdemeanor
Governor’s Signing Deadline · April 13, 2026
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What the bill does

Two Age-Based Firearm Restrictions

SB643 amends §§ 18.2-308.2:2 and 18.2-308.2:5 and adds new § 18.2-308.2:6 to the Code of Virginia, creating new prohibitions on who can possess, transport, and purchase certain firearms.

Under 18
🚫

Possession & Transport Ban

No one under 18 may knowingly possess or transport a handgun or “assault firearm” in Virginia. Exceptions exist for hunting, sport shooting, and home use with parental consent.

Under 21
🛒

Purchase Ban

No one under 21 may purchase a handgun or “assault firearm” anywhere in the Commonwealth. This closes the private-sale gap that federal law leaves open for 18–20 year-olds.

Risk

Existing Owners at Risk

If you’re 18–20 and already legally own a handgun or qualifying firearm, the broad possession language could retroactively criminalize what you already have.

Exempt

Exceptions (Under 18)

Home use with parental consent, lawful hunting under adult supervision, organized shooting competitions, law enforcement, and military personnel on duty.

Consequences

What Happens If You Violate It

Both the under-18 and under-21 prohibitions carry the same penalty classification — the highest misdemeanor class in Virginia.

C1

Class 1 Misdemeanor

The highest misdemeanor class in Virginia — same category as DUI, assault & battery, and petit larceny.

Most serious misdemeanor
12

Up to 12 Months Incarceration

A judge can sentence up to one year in jail. Even a conviction without jail time creates a permanent criminal record that follows you.

$

Up to $2,500 Fine

The maximum fine can be imposed in addition to jail time, not just as an alternative. The court has full discretion.

Permanent Record Consequences

A misdemeanor conviction shows up on background checks and can impact employment, professional licensing, college admissions, and future firearm purchases as an adult.

Lasting impact

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The part most people miss
At 18 you can enlist in the military, carry a rifle into combat, vote for the people who wrote this bill — but under SB643, you can’t walk into a store and buy a handgun to protect yourself at home.

The bill’s definition of “assault firearm” is where this gets complicated. It’s not limited to AR-15s. It covers any semi-automatic centerfire rifle or handgun that accepts a magazine holding more than 20 rounds, is designed to accept a silencer, or has a folding stock.

That definition is broad enough to sweep in common sporting rifles based on magazine capacity or cosmetic features. Gun rights groups have called it “expansive and arbitrary” — and the NRA-ILA has stated their litigation team is “actively working in the event of her signature,” signaling a legal challenge the moment the Governor signs.

Then there’s the retroactive possession problem. If you’re 19 and you legally purchased a handgun through a private sale last year, the possession language in this bill could make you a criminal for keeping what you already own.

⚠ Legal Definition — “Assault Firearm”

Any semi-automatic centerfire rifle or handgun that expels single or multiple projectiles by action of an explosion of a combustible material and is equipped at the time of the offense with: (1) a magazine holding more than 20 rounds, (2) manufacturer design to accommodate a silencer, or (3) a folding stock.

Legislative timeline

How SB643 Got Here

Sponsored by Senator Scott Surovell (D-34), the bill moved through both chambers on party-line votes and now sits on the Governor’s desk.

Jan 14, 2026

Prefiled in Senate

Referred to Courts of Justice Committee

Jan 28, 2026

Committee Substitute

Reported with substitute, incorporating SB797 by Sen. Carroll Foy

Feb 5, 2026

Finance & Appropriations

Reported with second substitute from committee

Feb 17, 2026

Passed the Senate

21 Yes 19 No
Mar 4, 2026

Passed the House (with substitute)

61 Yes 37 No
Mar 6–10, 2026

Conference Committee

Senate rejected House substitute; conferees appointed: Surovell, Srinivasan, Stuart

Mar 14, 2026

Conference Report Adopted

Senate 21–18  •  House 59–37
By April 13, 2026

Governor’s Decision

Gov. Spanberger must sign, veto, amend, or let it become law without signature

Senate Vote (Feb 17) 21–19 · Party-line
21
19
House Vote (Mar 4) 61–37 · With substitute
61
37
Conference Report — Senate 21–18
21
18
Conference Report — House 59–37
59
37
National context

Virginia vs. Other States

Where does SB643 fall on the national spectrum of age-based firearm restrictions?

State Min. Purchase Age Private Sales 18–20 “Assault Firearm” Age Limit
Federal Law 21 (dealers only) Legal None
Virginia (SB643) 21 (all sales) Banned 21
California 21 (all sales) Banned 21
Florida 21 (dealers) / 18 (private) Legal (private) 21 (dealers only)
Texas 21 (dealers) / 18 (private) Legal None
Ohio 21 (dealers) / 18 (private) Legal None

Virginia is about to tell 18, 19, and 20 year-olds that they’re old enough to fight for their country — but not old enough to defend themselves in it.

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